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  Practical activities are carried out with the aim of collecting data. Conduct experiments according to the specified procedures, then record the results of your observations. Because the data collected is quantitative, high accuracy is required in performing each measurement.

Tools and Materials:

Tools:
  1. Spirit lamp
  2. Lighter
  3. Three legs
  4. Asbestos cloth
  5. 2 100 mL beaker glasses
  6. Watch glass
  7. Analytical balance
  8. Stirring rod
  9. 150ºC thermometer
  10. Measuring cup
Materials:
  1. Solid NaCl
  2. Concentrated HCl solution (aq) (36%), density = 1.19 g/cm³
  3. Sugar solution, C12H22O11(aq) 2 m
  4. Sugar solution, C12H22O11(aq) 3 m
  5. Urea solution, (NH2)2CO(aq) 3 m
  6. Sodium chloride solution, NaCl(aq) 3 m
  7. Aquades

Experimental Procedure

I. Solution Preparation

A. Preparation of 0.1 M NaCl Stock Solution

a. Timbanglah sebanyak …. gram padatan NaCl dengan menggunakan kaca arloji dan neraca analitik yang disediakan.

b. Larutkan NaOH dengan ± 40 mLakuades dalam beaker glass hingga larut.

c. Masukkan dalam labu takar 100 mL.

d. Bilas sisa NaCI dalam beaker glass, lalu masukkan ke dalam labu takar.

e. Tambahkan akuades hingga tanda batas, tutup labu takar dan lakukan pengocokan beberapa kali hingga larutan homogen.

f. Tempatkan dalam beaker glass 100 mL yang bersih dan kering.

B. Preparation of 0.01 M NaCl solution

a. Take ... mL of NaCl stock solution in the first experiment using a 10 mL measuring pipette. 

b. Pour into a 100 mL measuring flask.

c. Add distilled water up to the mark, close the measuring flask, and shake several times until the mixture is homogeneous.

d. Place in a bottle of NaCl reagent coded B.

C. Preparation of 0.01 M HCl Solution

a. Take ……mL of concentrated HCl solution according to your calculations using a measuring cup.

b. Pour into a 100 mL measuring flask.

c. Add distilled water up to the mark, close the measuring flask, and shake several times until the solution is homogeneous.

d. Pour into a bottle containing 0.01 M HCl reagent.

Create a flowchart of the steps in the experiment!

Before conducting the experiment, complete the following information.

1. Prepare a 0.1 M NaCl stock solution.

Concentration of the NaCl stock solution prepared = ……..

Volume of solution made = ……..

Weight of NaCl weighed = …….

The relative molecular mass of NaOH = …….

Write down how you determine the weight of the NaCl being weighed.

 

 

2. Making a 0.01M NaCl Solution

Concentration of the NaCl solution made = ……..

Volume of solution made = ……..

Volume of 0.1M NaCl solution taken =…….

Write down how you determine the volume of the 0.1M NaCl solution taken.

 

3. Making a 0.01M HCl Solution

Concentration of the HCl solution produced = ……..

Volume of solution made = ……..

 Concentration of concentrated HCl solution taken =…….

Volume of concentrated HCl solution taken = …….

Write down how you determine the volume of the 0.1M NaCl solution taken.

II. Determination of Colligative Properties of Solutions

A. Measurement of the Boiling Point of Water

1. Measure 50 mL of distilled water and pour it into a beaker.
2. Heat the distilled water until it begins to boil and measure its boiling point.
3. Record as the boiling point of pure solvent Tb pure solvent.

B. Measurement of the Boiling Point of Sugar Solution
1. Pour 50 mL of 2 m sugar solution into a glass beaker.
2. Heat the solution until it begins to boil and measure its boiling point.
3. Calculate the boiling point difference of sugar solution T3. Calculate the boiling point difference of sugar solution T.b solutions and boiling points of solvents Tb pure solvent as ΔTb.
4. Record it on the observation sheet.
5. Repeat steps 1–4 for the 3 m sugar solution.

C. Measurement of the Boiling Point of Urea Solution
1. Pour 50 mL of 3 m urea solution into a glass beaker.
2. Heat the solution until it begins to boil and measure its boiling point.
3. Calculate the difference in boiling point of the urea solution T.b solutions and boiling points of solvents Tb pure solvent as ΔTb.
4. Record it on the observation sheet.

D. Measurement of the Boiling Point of NaCl Solution
1. Pour 50 mL of 3 m NaCl solution into a glass beaker.
2. Heat the solution until it begins to boil and measure its boiling point.
3. Calculate the difference in boiling point of the NaCl solution T.b solutions and boiling points of solvents Tb pure solvent as ΔTb.
4. Record it on the observation sheet.

Create a flowchart of the steps in the experiment.

C. Observation Data for Determining the Colligative Properties of Solutions Write down the observation data you obtained in the following observation data table.
Air pressure: ………………………………………….. mmHg
Room temperature: ………………………………………….. °C
No. Substance Volume concentration Boiling point (°C) Boiling point elevation (ΔTb)
1. Air 50 mL – –
2. Sugar Solution 50 mL 2 m
3. Sugar Solution 50 mL 3 m
4. Urea Solution 50 mL 3 m
5. NaCl solution 50 mL 3 m