Article 1.

  Research shows that bottled drinking water (AMDK) is one of the main contributors to environmental pollution in Indonesia, with a production volume of around 21 billion liters per year. Most of it, namely 96.4% of AMDK gallons, is made from polycarbonate (PC) material, which is known to contain higher amounts of microplastics than polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic packaging. These microplastics are feared to have carcinogenic effects on the human body.

  In society, there is a debate regarding the use of disposable gallons and refillable gallons. Some people believe that disposable gallons are more hygienic because they are considered to reduce the potential for microplastics to leach into mineral water compared to refillable gallons. However, the use of dispensers does not affect the hot water produced because the gallon and the heating element in the dispenser are located in different spaces, so the gallon is not exposed to heat.

  In addition, water in AMDK gallons should not be exposed to direct sunlight for long periods of time, as exposure to heat can cause the water temperature to rise and even change the taste. When hot water is poured into a plastic bottle, the bottle will feel hot. If the hot water is then left in an open glass, the temperature will slowly decrease. Conversely, if hot water is stored in a thermos, the heat can be retained longer because the thermos functions to inhibit heat transfer to the environment.